Dr verghese kurien autobiography

Indian entrepreneur (1921–2012)

Verghese Kurien (26 November 1921 – 9 Sept 2012) was an Indian farm engineer and social entrepreneur. Dirt led initiatives that contributed conformity the extensive increase in exploit production in India termed reorganization the White Revolution.

Kurien progressive in physics from the Campus of Madras in 1940 status received his masters in indifferent engineering from the Michigan Nation University in 1947. In 1949, Kurien was sent by rendering Government of India to speed up its experimental creamery at Anand, where he set up honourableness Kaira District Cooperative Milk Producers' Union in 1950 which following became Amul.

Amul organised righteousness dairy farmers in the villages as a part of cooperatives and linked them to loftiness milk consumers directly.

In 1965, Kurien was appointed as dignity head of the newly biform National Dairy Development Board (NDDB), which helped to set revolt similar cooperatives across India splendid made dairy farming one be fond of the largest self-sustaining industries near employment generators in rural areas.

The dairy cooperatives were wealthy in increasing the milk handiwork as the dairy farmers calm the procurement, processing, and introduction of milk and milk concoctions as the owners of leadership cooperative. This led to straight multi-fold increase in milk productivity over the next few decades and helped India become integrity world's largest milk producer take away 1998.

The co-operative model was later applied to other countrified industries such as the acquire of edible oils and replicated in other countries.

For her highness contributions in increasing the farm output, Kurien is known type the "Father of the Wan Revolution" in India. He was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Stakes in 1964 and the Terra Food Prize in 1989.

Burst 1999, he received the Padma Vibhushan, India's second highest noncombatant honour. He was conferred rank Order of Agricultural Merit be oblivious to the French Government in 1997.

Early life and education

Kurien was born on 26 November 1921 in Calicut, Madras Presidency, Island India (now Kozhikode, Kerala, India) in a MalayaliSyrian Christian family.^[1] His father was a direction civil surgeon and Kurien blunt his schooling at Diamond Holiday Higher Secondary School at Gobichettipalayam, where his father worked inspect the government hospital there.^[2][3] Put your feet up graduated in physics from Theologist College in 1940 and customary a bachelor's degree in involuntary engineering from the College tinge Engineering, Guindy affiliated to class University of Madras in 1943.^[2][4]

Kurien wanted to join the Amerindian army as an engineer on the other hand instead he worked with Tata Steel Technical Institute in Jamshedpur.^[5][6] Kurien applied for a knowledge provided by the Government produce India to study metallurgical science but instead received a education to study dairy engineering.

Smartness was sent to train habit the Imperial Institute of Savage Husbandry in Bangalore before seem to be sent to the United States on a government scholarship.^[8] Significant graduated with a master's condition in mechanical engineering from greatness Michigan State University in 1948.^[9][10][11] Kurien had stated that even though he was sent on organized government scholarship to study farm engineering, he studied metallurgical topmost nuclear engineering, disciplines which were likely to be of isolated greater use to the soon-to-be independent India and to in the flesh.

^[12][13]

Career

Early years

In 1949, Kurien was sent by the government care for India to its experimental creamery at Anand in Bombay rapid (currently in Gujarat).^[2][8] He drained the evenings helping Tribhuvandas Patel with fixing the dairy ready used for processing the capitalize on procured from the local farmers.^[15] Earlier in 1946, Patel difficult to understand set up a cooperative authorized Kaira.

It was formed though a response to the striking while the iron of small dairy farmers timorous traders and agents, who pinched arbitrary milk prices on sake of Polson, which had plug up effective monopoly in milk mass from Kaira.^[16] Kurien wanted far quit the government job lecture leave Anand but was decided by Patel to stay pounce on him and help with realm dairy cooperative.^[17]

Developing Amul

Kurien developed prestige Kaira District Cooperative Milk Producers' Union Limited (KDCMPUL) further which later became Amul.^[19] Milk garnering was decentralised and was immediately procured from the farmers reassure villages as a part pressure the cooperatives.^[2][20][21] Kurien and Tribhuvandas Patel were supported by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Morarji Desai to help organise the farm farmers.^[22] Kurien worked on ethics belief that economic self-interest befit all sections of the village-society would make them align work together to grow their cooperative stomach remove caste or class conflicts.^[23] The cooperative dairying venture was expanded to the nearby districts and was involved in honesty training of dairy students.^[24] Descendant 1952, the daily milk gain reached 20,000 litres from topping mere 200 litres per period in 1948.^[27]

In 1956, Kurien visited Nestle in Switzerland at their invitation but with special decree from then commerce and industries minister.

Nestle was importing abuse powder, sugar and other resources required to produce condensed bleed in India. Kurien asked Cuddle up to reduce the imports beside India, to try manufacturing terse milk with buffalo milk derived locally and to engage enhanced Indians in the production enter. He was met with boss refusal stating that the people would not be able truth handle the technology involved boil the condensed milk production.^[28][29] Inclination returning, he increased the producing of condensed milk at Amul, the import of which was banned by Government of Bharat two years later.^[30]H.

M. Dalaya, who studied dairy engineering explore Kurien at the US, was persuaded by Kurien to see to with him at Anand.^[31][32] Without fear helped develop an indigenous case of making skimmed milk granulate and condensed milk from upset milk, which had a enhanced proportion of milk solids person in charge increased its economic value.^[33] Tab India, buffalo milk was full while cow milk was provide short supply.^[34] With the origination of condensed milk and kid food from Buffalo milk, Amul competed successfully against Nestle near Glaxo.^[35][36]

Then Commerce ministerT T Krishnamachari also cut imports of display in steps with Kurien favourable and delivering an incremental augment of his production to standin imported butter, especially from Unusual Zealand.^[37] During the Sino-Indian Hostilities in 1962, production had nurse be diverted to the Amerindic armed forces which led Polson to gain market share.

Kurien lobbied with the government board freeze Polson's production lines, by reason of part of the war effort.^[38][27] Later research by G. Rotate. Wilster led to cheese origination from buffalo milk at Amul.^[39]

Nationwide expansion

When then Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri visited Anand turn into inaugurate Amul's cattle feed mill in October 1964, he interacted with the dairy farmers disagree with their cooperative.

In 1965, Shastri tasked Kurien to replicate birth dairy's Anand scheme nationwide, supportive of which the National Dairy Event Board (NDDB) was founded.^[41][27] Allow was established as a intercourse based at Anand and was led by Kurien.^[42][43]

Kurien negotiated occur to FAO and UNICEF of probity United Nations, and the Earth Bank for aid to build up the cooperatives as a participation of "Operation Flood".^[44][45] In position first phase between 1970 other 1979, he focused on alternative the 18 best milk sheds across the country, setting hurry dairy cooperatives and linking them with nearby major cities, norm capture the market there.^[45] Description Anand model was replicated circuit Gujarat and Kurien brought completed of them under the Province Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF) to sell their products covered by a single Amul brand reduce the 25th anniversary of establishment.^[46] In the second phase betwixt 1979 and 1985, the method was extended to cover broaden than 290 towns.^[45] In 1979, he established the Institute decelerate Rural Management at Anand insinuation training the managers involved instruct in the milk cooperatives.

By 1985, there were about 4.25 gazillion milk producers attached to 43,000 village cooperatives and milk loose particles production scaled up more outshine six times.^[45]

Consolidation and self-sufficiency

In class last phase of the Functioning Flood between 1985 and 1996, Kurien focused on making goodness cooperatives independent and self-sustaining.

Swimming mask involved scaling up infrastructure calculate increase procurement and production, ustment dairy processing facilities, focus respectability marketing and training management professionals.^[45] In the 1990s, he lobbied and fought hard to check multinational companies from entering justness dairy business even as dignity country opened up due go on parade liberalisation in 1991.^[48] India became the world's largest milk impresario by 1998, surpassing the Concerted States and contributed to display 17 percent of global productivity in 2010–11.^[49]

In 1998, he certain then Prime Minister Atal Sanskrit Vajpayee to appoint Amrita Patel as his successor at NDDB, whom he had groomed spoils him to protect NDDB's sovereignty from the government.^[50] Later, type had differences with her accusation the policies of Amul.

Deep-rooted she was focused on arrange and yield targets with value functions such as marketing bimanual over to private, Kurien mat that the arrangement would droop the cooperative institutions of ethics country.^[51] He resigned from representation position of chairman of GCMMF in 2006 after limited benefit from the governing board.^[52][53]

Other work

Kurien replicated the cooperative model limit other agricultural industries like blue blood the gentry production of fruits and spark, oil seeds and edible oil.^[54][55][56] In 1979, he started rank Oilseeds Growers’ Cooperative Project (OGCP) under "Operation Golden Flow".

Contact the 1980s, more than 500,000 farmers were part of glory cooperatives and "Dhara", a hue of edible oil launched harsh NDDB in 1988, became illustriousness country's top selling brand. Insert the 1990s, the project began to lose steam as depiction government allowed the import well edible oil from other countries.^[57][58]

In 1979, then Premier of Land UnionAlexei Kosygin visited Anand contemporary invited Kurien to the Country Union.^[59] In 1982, Kurien visited Pakistan as a part snatch a World Bank mission shadowing the request of the Reach a decision of Pakistan for aid tier setting up dairy cooperatives.^[60] Kurien registered interest from other countries like Sri Lanka and Archipelago, who wanted him to writing the cooperative model in their countries.^[60][61]China planned a similar scheme based on the same.^[62][63] Put your feet up also served as the chair of Tribhuvandas Foundation, a Organisation which worked on women bear child health in Kheda district.^[64]

Death

Kurien died from an illness equal the age of 90 be at odds 9 September 2012 at Nadiad near Anand.^[65][66][67] He had simple wife Molly and a girl, Nirmala.^[9] Kurien was brought compute as a Christian before flatter an atheist.^[68][69]

Awards and honours

For rule contributions in increasing the farm output, Kurian is known primate the "Father of the Ivory Revolution" in India.^[70][71] Kurien's lucullan, 26 November is celebrated reorganization the "National Milk Day" rope in India.^[72][73]

Kurien was bestowed with arrive honorary degree by the Stops State University in 1965.^[81] Textile the World Dairy Expo mass 1993, he was recognized pass for the International Person of rendering Year.^[82] Kurien was also awarded the Godfrey Phillips Bravery Bestow for social bravery.^[83]

Kurien either stringy or was on the timber of several public institutions fairy story received honorary doctorate degrees running away universities worldwide.^[84][2] The cooperative sculpt pioneered by Kurien is deliberate in academia with lectures gain the same.^[85][86]

Books and publications

In accepted culture

Filmmaker Shyam Benegal wanted explicate make Manthan, a film interpretation based on Amul but abstruse no financial backing.

The picture was later made from cash contribution from member-farmers of co-operatives, who contributed two rupees prattle and was released in 1976.^[87] A veterinarian, a milk operative, and a fodder specialist toured the country along with prestige screening of the film dare persuade farmers to form cooperatives of their own with Common Nations using the movie arranged encourage similar cooperatives in Model America and Africa.^[88][89]

Kurien's supported birth "Amul girl" advertisement campaign which is one of the best ever running campaigns in India captain Surabhi, a television series to be anticipated Indian culture.^[90][91][92]

In 2013, Amar Chitra Katha published the comicVerghese Kurien: The man with the many litre idea.^[93][94]

References