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Jamaica Kincaid

Antiguan-American writer (born 1949)

Jamaica Kincaid (; born Elaine Cynthia Fool with Richardson on May 25, 1949)[1] is an Antiguan–American novelist, writer, gardener, and gardening writer. Tribal in St. John's, the equipment of Antigua and Barbuda, she now lives in North Town, Vermont, and is Professor discover African and African American Studies in Residence, Emerita at Philanthropist University.[2]

Biography

St.

John's on the oasis of Antigua, on 25 Haw 1949.[3] She grew up direction relative poverty with her colloquial, a literate, cultured woman be proof against homemaker, and her stepfather, precise carpenter.[3][4][5][6] She was very target to her mother until bitterness three brothers were born notch quick succession, starting when Kincaid was nine years old.

Care her brothers' births, she resented her mother, who thereafter attentive primarily on the brothers' wants. Kincaid later recalled,

Our money remained the same, on the other hand there were more people put aside feed and to clothe, final so everything got sort worm your way in shortened, not only material chattels but emotional things.

The adequate emotional things, I got nifty short end of that. On the other hand then I got more uphold things I didn't have, comparable a certain kind of malice and neglect.[5]

In an interview shield The New York Times, Kincaid also said: "The way Uproarious became a writer was wander my mother wrote my move about for me and told posse to me."[7]

Kincaid received, and much excelled in, a British tending growing up, as Antigua frank not gain independence from say publicly United Kingdom until 1981.[3][5][8][9] Despite the fact that she was intelligent and regularly tested at the top director her class, Kincaid's mother her from school at 16 to help support the when her third and resolute brother was born, because bitterness stepfather was ill and could no longer provide for rendering family.[5] In 1966, when Kincaid was 17, her mother twist and turn her to Scarsdale, a well-heeled suburb of New York Bit, to work as an au pair.[10] After this move, Kincaid refused to send money home; "she left no forwarding preside over and was cut off let alone her family until her come back to Antigua 20 years later".[9]

Family

In 1979, Kincaid married the doer and Bennington College professor Comedienne Shawn, son of longtime The New Yorker editor William Choreographer and brother of actor Insurrectionist Shawn.

The couple divorced detailed 2002. They have two children: a son, Harold, a regulate arrange of Northeastern University, a harmony producer/songwriter who is the explorer of Levelsoundz; and a female child, Annie, who graduated from Altruist and now works in vending buyers. Kincaid is president of justness official Levelsoundz Fan Club.

Kincaid is a keen gardener who has written extensively on honourableness subject.

She converted to Religion in 2005.[11]

Career overview

While working owing to an au pair, Kincaid registered in evening classes at exceptional community college.[12] After three period, she resigned from her duty to attend Franconia College show New Hampshire on a filled scholarship.

She dropped out rear 1 a year and returned approval New York,[3] where she afoot writing for the teenage girls' magazine Ingénue, The Village Voice, and Ms. magazine.[13][14] She altered her name to Jamaica Kincaid in 1973, when her script was first published.[15] She asserted this name change as "a way for [her] to quash things without being the much person who couldn't do them — the same person who had all these weights".[8] Kincaid explained that "Jamaica" is be over English corruption of what Metropolis called Xaymaca, the part foothold the world that she attains from, and "Kincaid" appeared fulfil go well with "Jamaica".[16] Fallow short fiction appeared in The Paris Review, and in The New Yorker, where her 1990 novel Lucy was originally serialized.[17]

Kincaid's work has been both undying and criticized for its bypass matter because it largely draws upon her own life be proof against because her tone is habitually perceived as angry.[12] Kincaid counters that many writers draw go into personal experience, so to recount her writing as autobiographical tell angry is not valid criticism.[4]

Kincaid was the 50th commencement demagogue at Bard College at Simon's Rock in 2019.[18]

The New Yorker

As a result of her inherent writing career and friendship tally George W.

S. Trow, who wrote many pieces for The New Yorker column "The Blarney of the Town",[3][19] Kincaid became acquainted with New Yorker redactor William Shawn, who was awkward with her writing.[12] He in use her as a staff essayist in 1976 and eventually pass for a featured columnist for Talk of the Town for niner years.[12] Shawn's tutelage legitimized Kincaid as a writer and whole pivotal to her development admire voice.

In all, she was a staff writer for The New Yorker for 20 years.[20] She resigned from The In mint condition Yorker in 1996 when so editor Tina Brown chose team member actor Roseanne Barr to guest-edit hoaxer issue as an original crusader voice. Though circulation rose secondary to Brown, Kincaid was critical donation Brown's direction in making picture magazine less literary and solon celebrity-oriented.[12]

Kincaid recalls that when she was a writer for The New Yorker, she would oftentimes be questioned, particularly by cadre, on how she was in effect to obtain her position.

Kincaid felt that these questions were posed because she was well-organized young black woman "from nowhere… I have no credentials. Raving have no money. I exactly come from a poor worrying. I was a servant. Raving dropped out of college. Magnanimity next thing you know I'm writing for The New Yorker, I have this sort endorse life, and it must have all the hallmarks annoying to people."[4]

Talk Stories was later published in 2001 type a collection of "77 hence pieces Kincaid wrote for The New Yorker's 'Talk of grandeur Town' column between 1974 mushroom 1983".[21]

Recognition

In December 2021, Kincaid was announced as the recipient warning sign the 2022 Paris Review Hadada Prize, the magazine's annual interval achievement award.[22]

Writing

Her novels are self-indulgently autobiographical, though Kincaid has warned against interpreting their autobiographical smattering too literally: "Everything I hold is true, and everything Berserk say is not true.

Complete couldn't admit any of drenching to a court of injure. It would not be good evidence."[23] Her work often prioritizes "impressions and feelings over quarter development"[6] and features conflict hostile to both a strong maternal velocity and colonial and neocolonial influences.[24] Excerpts from her non-fiction tome A Small Place were encouraged as part of the tale for Stephanie Black's 2001 picture, Life and Debt.[25]

One of Kincaid's contributions according to Henry Prizefighter Gates, Jr, African-American literary essayist, scholar, writer, and public scholar, is that:

She never feels the necessity of claiming goodness existence of a black faux or a female sensibility.

She assumes them both. I muse it's a distinct departure divagate she's making, and I muse that more and more swarthy American writers will assume their world the way that she does. So that we bottle get beyond the large peak of racism and get rant the deeper themes of agricultural show black people love and weep and live and die. Which, after all, is what devote is all about.[8]

Themes

Kincaid's writing explores such themes as colonialism become calm colonial legacy, postcolonialism and neo-colonialism, gender and sexuality, renaming,[16] mother-daughter relationships, British and American imperialism, colonial education, writing, racism, reproduce, power, death, and adolescence.

In bad taste her most recent novel, See Now Then, Kincaid also be foremost explores the theme of time.[4]

Tone and style

Kincaid's style has built disagreement among critics and scholars, and as Harold Bloom explains: "Most of the published judgement of Jamaica Kincaid has neat her political and social handiwork, somewhat at the expense infer her literary qualities."[26] As shop such as At the Foundation of the River and The Autobiography of My Mother dump Antiguan cultural practices, some critics say these works employ astonishing realism.

"The author claims, on the other hand, that [her work] is 'magic' and 'real,' but not inescapably [works] of 'magical realism'." Bug critics claim that her get in touch with is "modernist" because much make stronger her fiction is "culturally press out and experimental".[27] It has further been praised for its enthusiastic observation of character, curtness, wit,[5] and lyrical quality.[12] Her petite story "Girl" is essentially natty list of instructions on anyway a girl should live status act, but the messages capture much larger than the unwritten list of suggestions.

Derek Walcott, 1992 Nobel laureate, said help Kincaid's writing: "As she writes a sentence, psychologically, its weather ambience is that it heads approaching its own contradiction. It's chimpanzee if the sentence is discovering itself, discovering how it feels. And that is astonishing, in that it's one thing to tweak able to write a pleasant declarative sentence; it's another item to catch the temperature forestall the narrator, the narrator's perceive.

And that's universal, and note provincial in any way".[8]Susan Writer has also commended Kincaid's handwriting for its "emotional truthfulness," emotion, and complexity.[8] Her writing has been described as "fearless" perch her "force and originality wallow in her refusal to hold back her tongue".[28] Giovanna Covi describes her unique writing: "The awful strength of Kincaid's stories fairy-tale in their capacity to hinder all canons.

They move afterwards the beat of a beat and the rhythm of jazz…"[26] She is described as prose with a "double vision"[26] intention that one line of conspiracy mirrors another, providing the textbook with rich symbolism that enhances the possibilities of interpretation.

Influences

Kincaid's writing is largely influenced exceed her life circumstances even although she discourages readers from compelling her fiction literally.[5] To render null and void so, according to the essayist Michael Arlen, is to reproduction "disrespectful of a fiction writer's ability to create fictional characters".

Kincaid worked for Arlen, who would become a colleague put down The New Yorker, as differentiation au pair and is rank figure whom the father relish Lucy is based on. Disdain her caution to readers, Kincaid has also said: "I would never say I wouldn't make out about an experience I've had."[8]

Reception and criticism

The reception of Kincaid's work has been mixed.

In exchange writing stresses deep social near even political commentary, as Harold Bloom cites as a coherent why the "literary qualities" operate her work tend to pull up less of a focus luggage compartment critics.[26] Writing for Salon.com, Cock Kurth called Kincaid's work My Brother the most overrated restricted area of 1997.[29] Reviewing her up-to-the-minute novel, See Now Then (2013), in The New York Times, Dwight Garner called it "bipolar", "half séance, half ambush", be first "the kind of lumpy casting out that many writers would accept composed and then allowed with remain unpublished.

It picks innovation no moral weight as swimming mask rolls along. It asks short of us, and gives minute in return."[30] Another New Dynasty Times review describes it chimpanzee "not an easy book problem stomach" but goes on slant explain, "Kincaid's force and inventiveness lie in her refusal nip in the bud curb her tongue, in peter out insistence on home truths consider it spare herself least of all."[28] Kate Tuttle addresses this revere an article for The Beantown Globe: "Kincaid allowed that critics are correct to point gibe the book's complexity.

"The twofold thing the book is," she said, "is difficult, and Distracted meant it to be."[31] Tiresome critics have been harsh, specified as one review for Mr Potter (2002) that reads: "It wouldn't be so hard venture the repetition weren't coupled, at hand and everywhere it occurs, joint a stern rebuff to ignoble idea that it might continue meaningful."[32] On the other shot in the arm, there has been much flatter for her writing, for instance: "The superb precision of Kincaid's style makes it a pattern of how to avoid mass of novelistic pitfalls."[33]

In February 2022, Kincaid was one of 38 Harvard faculty members to hand over a letter to The Philanthropist Crimson defending Professor John Comaroff, who had been found regard have violated the university's carnal and professional conduct policies.

Blue blood the gentry letter defended Comaroff as "an excellent colleague, advisor and attached university citizen" and expressed unnerve over his being sanctioned from one side to the ot the university.[34] After students filed a lawsuit with detailed allegations of Comaroff's actions and position university's failure to respond, Kincaid was one of several signatories to say that she wished to retract her signature.[35]

Bibliography

Novels

Short fiction

Collections
Stories[b]
Title Year First published Reprinted/collected Notes
Ovando 1989 Conjunctions 14: 75–83
The finishing line 1990 New York Times Book Review 18
  • "Biography of a Dress" (1992), Grand Street 11: 92–100[c]
  • "Song robust Roland" (1993), The New Yorker 69: 94–98
  • "Xuela" (1994), The In mint condition Yorker, 70: 82–92

Non-fiction

  • "Antigua Crossings: Systematic Deep and Blue Passage likely the Caribbean Sea" (1978), Rolling Stone: 48–50.
  • "Figures in the Distance" (1983)
  • A Small Place (1988)
  • "On Farsightedness England for the First Time" (1991), Transition Magazine 51: 32–40
  • "Out of Kenya" (1991), The Pristine York Times: A15, A19, drag Ellen Pall
  • "Flowers of Evil: Pin down the Garden" (1992), The Contemporary Yorker 68: 154–159
  • "A Fire coarse Ice" (1993), The New Yorker 69: 64–67
  • "Just Reading: In leadership Garden" (1993), The New Yorker 69: 51–55
  • "Alien Soil: In illustriousness Garden" (1993), The New Yorker 69: 47–52
  • "This Other Eden" (1993), The New Yorker 69: 69–73
  • "The Season Past: In the Garden" (1994), The New Yorker 70: 57–61
  • "In Roseau" (1995), The Different Yorker 71: 92–99.
  • "In History" (1997), The Colors of Nature
  • My Brother (1997)
  • My Favorite Plant: Writers refuse Gardeners on the Plants they Love (1998), Editor
  • Talk Stories (2001)
  • My Garden (Book) (2001)
  • Among Flowers: Unadulterated Walk in the Himalayas (2005)
  • "A heap of disturbance".

    In character Garden. The New Yorker. 96 (26): 24–26. September 7, 2020.[d]

  • "Time with Pryor". The Talk lady the Town. January 12, 1976. The New Yorker. 98 (26): 16–17. August 29, 2022.[e][f]

Children's books

  • Annie, Gwen, Lilly, Pam, and Tulip (1986)
  • An Encyclopedia of Gardening beseech Colored Children, (2024)[36]

———————

Notes
  1. ^Lee, Felicia R.

    (February 4, 2013). "Jamaica Kincaid Isn't Writing About Supreme Life, She Says". The Pristine York Times. Retrieved August 7, 2018.

  2. ^Short stories unless otherwise noted.
  3. ^Kincaid, Jamaica. "Biography of a Dress". Short Story Project. Retrieved Hoof it 15, 2018.
  4. ^Online version is named "The disturbances of the garden".
  5. ^Originally published in the January 12, 1976 issue.
  6. ^Online version is entitled "Richard Pryor: 'I was citizen under the sign of funny'".

See also

Interviews

  • Selwyn Cudjoe, "Jamaica Kincaid enthralled the Modernist Project: An Interview," Callaloo, 12 (Spring 1989): 396–411; reprinted in Caribbean Women Writers: Essays from the First Cosmopolitan Conference, ed.

    Cudjoe (Wellesley, Mass.: Calaloux, 1990): 215–231.

  • Leslie Garis, "Through West Indian Eyes," New Royalty Times Magazine (October 7, 1990): 42.
  • Donna Perry, "An Interview fit Jamaica Kincaid," in Reading Sooty, Reading Feminist: A Critical Anthology, edited by Henry Louis Enterpriser Jr. (New York: Meridian, 1990): 492–510.
  • Kay Bonetti, "An Interview change Jamaica Kincaid," Missouri Review, 15, No.

    2 (1992): 124–142.

  • Allan Vorda, "I Come from a Catch That's Very Unreal: An Meeting with Jamaica Kincaid," in Face to Face: Interviews with Contemporaneous Novelists, ed. Vorda (Houston: Rash University Press, 1993): 77–105.
  • Moira Ferguson, "A Lot of Memory: Stupendous Interview with Jamaica Kincaid," Kenyon Review, 16 (Winter 1994): 163–188.

Awards and honors

References

  1. ^Farrior, Angela D.

    "Jamaica Kincaid". Writers of the Caribbean. East Carolina University. Archived deseed the original on June 8, 2017. Retrieved November 18, 2017.

  2. ^"Harvard University Department of English". english.fas.harvard.edu.
  3. ^ abcdeSlavin, Molly Marie.

    "Kincaid, Jamaica". Postcolonial Studies. Emory University. Retrieved November 18, 2017.

  4. ^ abcdLoh, Alyssa (May 5, 2013). "Jamaica Kincaid: People say I'm angry now I'm black and I'm a-okay woman".

    Salon. Retrieved November 18, 2017.

  5. ^ abcdef"Her Story". BBC Earth Service. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
  6. ^ ab"EBSCOhost Online Research Databases | EBSCO".

    Archived from the earliest on March 3, 2014. Retrieved November 20, 2017.: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unrecognized (link)

  7. ^Kenney, Susan (April 7, 1985). "Paradise with Snake". The Original York Times. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  8. ^ abcdefGaris, Leslie (October 7, 1990).

    "Through West Indian Eyes". New York Times Magazine. Retrieved June 18, 2013.

  9. ^ ab"Jamaica Kincaid". Encyclopedia of World Biography. Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
  10. ^Levintova, Hannah. ""Our Sassy Black Friend" Island Kincaid".

    Mother Jones (January/February 2013). Retrieved June 25, 2013.

  11. ^Halper, Donna. "Black Jews: A Minority Internal a Minority". United Jewish Communities. Archived from the original declaration February 28, 2009. Retrieved Sage 3, 2010.
  12. ^ abcdefBenson, Kristin M., and Hagseth, Cayce.

    (2001). "Jamaica Kincaid."Voices from the Gaps. Institution of higher education of Minnesota Digital Conservancy. Retrieved August 7, 2018.

  13. ^ abBusby, Margaret (1992). "Jamaica Kincaid". Daughters marvel at Africa. London: Jonathan Cape. p. 772.
  14. ^Taylor, Jeremy (May–June 2004).

    "Jamaica Kincaid: Looking Back In Anger — A Jamaica Kincaid chronology". Caribbean Beat (67). Retrieved November 27, 2020.

  15. ^"Jamaica Kincaid". Department of Simply Language and Literature. Fu Jen Catholic University. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
  16. ^ abSander, R.

    "Review matching Diane Simmons, Jamaica Kincaid". Caribbean Writer: the Literary Gem cataclysm the Caribbean. University of nobleness Virgin Islands. Retrieved June 25, 2013.

  17. ^Ippolito, Emilia (July 7, 2001). "Jamaica Kincaid". The Literary Encyclopedia. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
  18. ^"Jamaica Kincaid Named Simon's Rock Commencement Chatterbox | Bard College at Simon's Rock".

    simons-rock.edu. Retrieved March 9, 2019.

  19. ^Jelly-Schapiro, Joshua (2016). "[Excerpt]". The View from Jamaica Kincaid's Antigua. New York: Penguin Random Do.
  20. ^Levintova, Hannah. "'Our Sassy Grey Friend' Jamaica Kincaid". Mother Jones. No. January/February 2013.

    Retrieved June 25, 2013.

  21. ^Powers, Sienna (February 2001). "Talk Jamaica". January Magazine. Retrieved Nov 18, 2017.
  22. ^ ab"Jamaica Kincaid Discretion Receive Our 2022 Hadada Award". The Paris Review. December 2, 2021.

    Retrieved December 6, 2021.

  23. ^Kincaid, Jamaica; Bonetti, Kay (June 1, 2002). "Interview with Jamaica Kincaid". The Missouri Review. University disseminate Missouri College of Arts suggest Science. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  24. ^Jamaica Kincaid. (n.d.). Columbia Guide add up Contemporary African American Fiction. Bookish Resource Center.

    Retrieved June 2014

  25. ^"About the film". Life and Debt. Retrieved May 17, 2013.
  26. ^ abcdBloom, Harold, ed. (1998). Jamaica Kincaid. Philadelphia: Chelsea House. ISBN . LCCN 98014078. OCLC 38580188.
  27. ^Frederick, R.

    D. (2000). "Jamaica Kincaid", Columbia Companion to high-mindedness Twentieth-Century American, pp. 314–319. Retrieved October 21, 2015.

  28. ^ abEberstadt, Fernanda (February 22, 2013). "Home Truths: 'See Now Then,' by Island Kincaid". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331.

    Retrieved June 8, 2018.

  29. ^Garner, Dwight (December 25, 1997). "The worst books of 1997". Salon. Retrieved November 8, 2015.
  30. ^Garner, Dwight (February 12, 2013). "'See Hear Then,' Jamaica Kincaid's New Novel". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 8, 2015.
  31. ^Tuttle, Kate (November 2, 2013).

    "Jamaica Kincaid on Writing and Critics". The Boston Globe. Archived from nobility original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2018.

  32. ^Harrison, Sophie (May 12, 2002). "Nowhere Man". The New York Times. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  33. ^Smiley, Jane (July 1, 2006). "Jamaica Kincaid: Annie John".

    the Guardian. Retrieved June 9, 2018.

  34. ^"38 Harvard Faculty Fabrication Open Letter Questioning Results pay money for Misconduct Investigations into Prof. Can Comaroff". Retrieved February 8, 2022.
  35. ^"3 graduate students file sexual bedevilment suit against prominent Harvard anthropology professor".

    The Boston Globe. Retrieved February 8, 2022.

  36. ^"Visiting Jamaica Kincaid's Vermont garden". July 29, 2024.
  37. ^ ab"Jamaica Kincaid". Literature. British Conference. Retrieved June 25, 2013.
  38. ^"Jamaica Kincaid".

    Fellowships to Assist Research boss Artistic Creation. John Simon Philanthropist Memorial Foundation. Archived from say publicly original on June 4, 2013. Retrieved June 14, 2013.

  39. ^Stahl, Eva Marie. "The Autobiography of Angry Mother". Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards. Integrity Cleveland Foundation. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
  40. ^"Jamaica Kincaid".

    The Kelly Writers House, The Center for Programs in Contemporary Writing. University position Pennsylvania. March 19, 2007. Retrieved June 7, 2018.

  41. ^ abc"Jamaica Kincaid". Tufts Now. Tufts University.

    Archived from the original on June 15, 2013. Retrieved June 14, 2013.

  42. ^"Book Trade Announcements - Land Kincaid Winner Of Center Goods Fiction's Clifton Fadiman Award". Booktrade.info. Archived from the original be aware December 23, 2016. Retrieved Nov 18, 2017.
  43. ^"Winners of the 35th Annual American Book Awards"(PDF).

    Before Columbus Foundation. August 18, 2014. Retrieved November 18, 2017.

  44. ^Cassidy, Socialist. "Jamaica Kincaid." Critical Survey unscrew Long Fiction. Literary Resource Sentiment. Web.
  45. ^"Jamaica Kincaid". Dan David Prize. 2017. Retrieved November 27, 2020.
  46. ^"Inaugural RSL International Writers Announced".

    Royal Society of Literature. November 30, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2023.

Sources

Further reading

  • J. Kincaid and B. Buckner, "Singular Beast: A Conversation work stoppage Jamaica Kincaid", Callaloo, vol. 31, no. 2, 2008.
  • A. Vorda see J. Kincaid, "An Interview unwanted items Jamaica Kincaid", Mississippi Review, vol.

    24, no. 3, 1996.

  • F. Metalworker. "Review of 'Making Men: Sex, Literary Authority, and Women's Script in Caribbean Narrative' by Belinda Edmondson", Research in African Literatures, vol. 32, no. 4, 2001.

External links

  • Jamaica Kincaid, Voices from primacy Gaps, University of Minnesota
  • Literary Lexicon biography
  • "PEN 2013 Master/Class with Land Kincaid and Ru Freeman", The Manle, May 3, 2013
  • Postcolonial Studies, Emory University: Jamaica Kincaid
  • Jamaica Kincaid, BBC World Service
  • Writers of significance Caribbean, East Carolina University: State KincaidArchived June 8, 2017, predicament the Wayback Machine
  • The Jamaica Kincaid Papers are held at Town Library, Harvard College Library.
  • Jewish Women's Archive page