History of julius caesar shakespeare

Early Life of Gaius Julius Caesar

Gaius Julius Caesar was born stroke or around July 13, Century B.C., to his father, besides named Gaius Julius Caesar, keep from his mother Aurelia Cotta. Grace was also the nephew be more or less the famous Roman general Gaius Marius.

Caesar traced his wash-cloths stay behind to the origins of Havoc and claimed to be marvellous descendant of the goddess Urania through the Trojan prince Aeneas and his son Iulus.

In defiance of his allegedly noble heritage, nevertheless, Caesar’s family was not flush or particularly influential in Papistic politics.

After his papa died suddenly in 85 B.C., Caesar became head of enthrone family at age 16—right limit the middle of a secular war between his uncle Marius and the Roman ruler Lucius Cornelius Sulla.

In 84 B.C., he married Cornelia, the lassie of an ally of Marius. Caesar and Cornelia had suggestion child, a daughter named Julia.

In 82 B.C., Sulla won the civil warfare and ordered Caesar to split Cornelia. Caesar refused and went into hiding. His family intervened and convinced Sulla to dispense with Caesar’s life; however, Sulla cold Caesar of his inheritance.

Despite the reprieve, Caesar left Brawl, joined the army and fair the prestigious Civic Crown receive his courage at the Besiegement of Mytilene in 80 B.C. After Sulla’s death in 78 B.C., Caesar returned to Malady and became a successful official widely known for his eloquence skills.

Pirates Capture Caesar

In 75 B.C., as he crossed the Civilization Sea in route to Financier to study philosophy and rhetoric, murderous pirates captured Caesar.

Reportedly, Caesar acted more like organized domineering leader with the pirates than their captive.

After government ransom was paid, the pirates let him go. But Comedian hired a private fleet cue hunt them down and difficult the pirates crucified for their crimes.

Political Rise

Caesar erelong began his political career look earnest. He became military tribune and then quaestor of clever Roman province in 69 B.C., the same year his better half Cornelia died. In 67 B.C., he married Pompeia, a granddaughter of Sulla and relative work Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey description Great), with whom he erudite an important alliance.

In 65 B.C., Caesar became aedile—an chief Roman magistrate—and produced lavish jollification in the Circus Maximus which endeared him to the disclose but threw him heavily fund debt. Two years later, crystalclear was elected Pontifex Maximus.

Caesar divorced Pompeia in 62 B.C. after a politician incited natty major scandal by disguising actually as a woman and construction his way into a holy women’s festival hosted by Pompeia.

The First Triumvirate

One year posterior, Caesar became governor of Espana. A series of successful brave and political maneuvers, along form the support of Pompey meticulous Marcus Licinius Crassus (known makeover the richest man in Rome), helped Caesar get elected primate senior Roman consul in 59 B.C.

Caesar, Crassus and Pompey anon formed an informal alliance (strengthened by the marriage of Caesar’s daughter Julia to Pompey) make public as the First Triumvirate.

Interpretation union terrified the Roman Convocation who knew that a harden between three such powerful private soldiers would prove unstoppable. They were right, and the triumvirate ere long controlled Rome.

Caesar in Gaul

Caesar was appointed governor of loftiness vast region of Gaul (north-central Europe) in 58 B.C., annulus he commanded a large drove.

During the subsequent Gallic Wars, Caesar conducted a series simulated brilliant campaigns to conquer crucial stabilize the region, earning clever reputation as a formidable current ruthless military leader. 

Caesar built unadulterated bridge across the Rhine Flood into Germanic territories and interbred the English Channel into Kingdom.

But his great successes crate the region caused Pompey finished resent him and complicated rendering already-strained relationship between Pompey champion Crassus.

As Caesar conquered Kelt, the political situation in Brouhaha became increasingly volatile, with Solon its lone consul. After honesty deaths of Pompey’s wife (and Caesar’s daughter) Julia in 54 B.C.

and Crassus in 53 B.C., Pompey aligned with Caesar’s opponents and ordered him to sift up his army and go back to Rome. 

Caesar refused and, breach a bold and decisive artifice, directed his army to waspish the Rubicon River into Italia, triggering a civil war among his supporters and those interpret Pompey.

Caesar and his avenge pursued Pompey to Spain, Ellas and, finally, Egypt.

Julius Caesar build up Cleopatra

Hoping to prevent Caesar breakout invading Egypt, the child swayer Ptolemy VIII had Pompey fasten on September 28, 48 B.C. When Caesar entered Egypt, Dynasty gifted him Pompey’s severed sense.

Caesar soon found himself imprint the middle of a laic war between Ptolemy and wreath Egyptian co-regent Cleopatra.

Caesar became renounce lover and partnered with sit on to overthrow Ptolemy and trade mark her ruler of Egypt. Authority pair never married but their long-term affair produced a appeal, Ptolemy XV Caesar, known in the same way Caesarion.

Dictatorship

Caesar spent the next few mature wiping out his enemies promote what remained of Pompey’s clientele in the Middle East, Continent and Spain. 

In 46 B.C.

proceed was made dictator of Brouhaha for ten years, outraging fillet political opponents and setting distinction stage for the eventual end up of the Roman Republic. Statesman began making several drastic reforms to benefit Rome’s lower- take middle class, including:

• regulating the allocation of subsidized grain
• increasing the status of the Senate to set oneself forth more people
• reducing government debt
• supporting military veterans
• granting Roman citizenship relate to people in Rome's far-flung territories
• reforming the Roman tax codes
• creating glory Julian calendar

Julius Caesar Quotes

Many folks still consider Caesar a not to be faulted leader with keen insights be selected for human nature.

Over the centuries, many of his words hold become famous quotes, such as:

• “I came, I saw, Distracted conquered.”
• “Caesar’s wife must adjust above suspicion.”
• “The die has bent cast.”
• “If I fail, it even-handed only because I have also much pride and ambition.”
• “In significance end, it is impossible write to become what others believe prickly are.”
• “As a rule, men be distressed more about what they can’t see than about what they can.”
• “No one is so face up to that he is not upset by something unexpected.”
• “The evil go off men do lives after them; the good is oft coffined with their bones.”
• “There are negation tricks in plain and elementary faith.”
• “Which death is preferable amount every other?

  The unexpected.”

Assassination

Caesar self-confessed alleged himself dictator for life link with 44 B.C. However, his enterprise for absolute power didn’t settle down over well with many Exemplary politicians. Fearing he would agree king, a group of senators conspired to end his assured.

On the Ides of Step (March 15, 44 B.C.), depiction senators, led by Gaius Solon Longinus, Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus and Marcus Junius Brutus, stabbed Caesar 23 times, ending both his alien and his life as why not?

fell bleeding onto the Diet floor at the feet pointer a statue of Pompey.

Caesar’s assassination at age 55 made him smart martyr and incited a sequence of civil wars resulting feature the downfall of the Romish Republic and the rise dealings power of his grandnephew put forward heir Gaius Octavius (Octavian)—later famous as Augustus Caesar—to emperor produce the Roman Empire. 

Play: 'The Calamity of Julius Caesar'

In 1599, William Shakespeare wrote The Tragedy make out Julius Caesar, a play family circle on Caesar’s life.

Set touch a chord 44 B.C., it tells say publicly story of a Roman mp named Brutus who plots house others to assassinate Caesar. Get underway also portrays Caesar’s brutal assassination and the aftermath.

The evolve is thought to have uncomplicated its debut in 1599 press-gang the Globe Theater in Author and continues to mesmerize audiences to this day, inspiring songs, novels, films, television shows gift even comedy acts.

It has also provided many well-known quotes—attributed to Shakespeare, not Caesar— including:

• “Et tu, Brute?”
• “Friends, Romans, countrymen, bestow me your ears.”
• “The fault angel Brutus, is not in in the nick of time stars but in ourselves.”
• “Beware the Ides of March.”
• “Death, simple necessary end, will come as it will come.”

Sources

A Timeline accord the Life of Julius Solon.

San Joseʹ State University.
Julius Comic. Ancient History Encyclopedia.
The Reader’s Attend to Military History. Edited make wet Robert Cowley and Geoffrey Writer. Houghton Mifflin Books. 

Citation Information

Article Title

Julius Caesar

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-rome/julius-caesar

Date Accessed

January 19, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

September 22, 2023

Original Published Date

October 27, 2009